會考經濟之考生犯錯篇(第1講): GDP – Expenditure approach(支出計算法)

舊年有7成考生响呢條問GDP 嘅expenditure approach (支出計算法)題目遺下一大灘血迹, 今年翻炒機會好高。只要你忽略以下是但1個point, 你就同嗰7成「烈士」一樣……

1. Expenditure approach : GDP=C+I+G+(X-M)係以market price (市價)計算。
2. 由market price 轉factor cost (要素成本)用呢條式: market price = factor cost + indirect business tax (間接稅) – subsidy, 如果條目俾direct tax (直接稅),可以不理。
3. I包括兩樣嘢, gross domestic fixed capital formation (本地固定資本形成總額) 同埋increase (+)/decrease(-) in stock (存貨增加/减少), 如果條目俾 net 而唔係gross, 咁就要將net 變gross, 用呢條式: Gross = Net + depreciation (折舊)。
4. 幾時要用net income from abroad (對外要素收益淨值)呢個數? 當要由GDP(本地生產總值) 轉GNP(本地居民生產總值) 嘅時候用, apply呢條式: GNP = GDP + net income from abroad。同學要明白net income from abroad 呢個concept, 唔可以淨係識計數, 齋係舊年都出咗兩題MC, see 26/06 & 29/06。GDP 只包括resident producing unit (本地常住生產單位)嘅生產, 而GNP就包括埋D residents (本地居民)响外國嘅生產 ---(+) factor income earned froincome from abroad (對外要素收益流入), 但就冇包括非本地居民响resident producing unit嘅生產 --- (-)factor income paid abroad (對外要素收益流出), . net income from abroad = factor income earned from abroad – factor income paid abroad, 可以係正數/負數, 視乎earn from abroad 定 paid abroad 大D。
5. Net export (淨出口)係唔等於 net income from abroad o架! Net export(X-M)係計落GDP入面, 但 net income from abroad 就唔包括係GDP入面o架!

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